探析居住區(qū)商業(yè)建筑設計理念

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內容摘要：商業(yè)建筑在居住區(qū)內是一種特殊的建筑，它與居民的生活聯系緊密而且增強了居住區(qū)的開放性和活力。本文分析了我國居住區(qū)商業(yè)建筑設計存在的問題及其應遵循的設計理念，希望能對居住區(qū)商業(yè)建筑的設計和改進有所裨益。

Abstract: commercial buildings in the residential area is a special type of building, it and closely linked to people's life and enhance the openness and vitality of the residential areas. This paper analyzes the problems existing in the residential commercial architecture design and shall comply with the design concept, hoping to commercial buildings of residential design and improvement. 　　關鍵詞：居住區(qū) 商業(yè)建筑 設計理念 Keywords: residential commercial building design concept 　　 　　改革開放以來，房地產業(yè)已經成為我國經濟發(fā)展新的增長點，住宅已成為居民新的消費熱點。在居住區(qū)規(guī)劃和住宅的設計中積極推進“以人為本”的設計創(chuàng)新理念，創(chuàng)造具有地方特色、設備完善、達到21 世紀現代化居住標準的住宅是擺在建筑師面前的迫切任務。居住區(qū)商業(yè)建筑與居民的生活聯系緊密而且增強了居住區(qū)的開放性和活力，對其進行研究具有現實意義。 Since China's reform and opening up, the real estate industry has become a new growth point of China's economic development, housing has become a new consumption hot spots. In the design of residential area planning and residential actively promote "people-oriented" design concept innovation, create a with local characteristics, equipment is perfect, meet the 21st century modern residential living standards is the urgent task in front of the architect. Residential commercial buildings and closely linked to people's life and enhance the openness and vitality of the settlement, the study has practical significance. 　　 　　我國居住區(qū)商業(yè)建筑發(fā)展歷程 The residential commercial building development 　　 　　20 世紀80 年代我國改革開放政策的實施為住宅及居住區(qū)商業(yè)建筑的建設發(fā)展帶來了契機，使之進入全面發(fā)展的新時期。在此之前，居住區(qū)的商業(yè)建筑比較簡單，布局模式大多為單一的行列式布局，且數量不多。到了90 年代后，居住區(qū)的商業(yè)建筑設計逐步得到重視，居住區(qū)開始有了超級市場、復合型商業(yè)建筑、步行街和購物中心等，這種變化反映了居住區(qū)商業(yè)建筑設計從滿足人們的基本需求過渡到關注生活質量這一層面。 The implementation of the reform and opening up policies in China in the 1980 s of commercial buildings to residential and residential construction development has brought an opportunity to make it into the new period of comprehensive development. Before this, residential commercial buildings is simpler, mostly single determinant layout, layout mode and quantity is not much. In the 90 s, the area of design gradually pay more attention to the commercial building, residential area has a supermarket, composite commercial buildings, pedestrian street and shopping center etc., the change reflects the community commercial architecture design from the transition to meet basic human needs to focus on the quality of life level. 　　 　　我國居住區(qū)商業(yè)建筑設計存在的問題 Problem of residential commercial architectural design in our country 　　 　　我國居住區(qū)商業(yè)建筑在設計上的狀況總體說來，在“商”與“住”兩個方面存在矛盾。尤其對其建筑設計而言，還存在一定的問題，具體表現在以下方面： The residential commercial buildings in design condition in general, in the "business" and "live" two aspects of contradiction. Especially for its architectural design, but also has certain problem, specific performance in the following areas: 　　內部空間處理不當。有些居住區(qū)商業(yè)建筑的空間處理較為草率，平面局促，不符合商業(yè)建筑大開間的使用要求。人們經常會看到一些居住區(qū)的商業(yè)建筑由于空間結構不靈活導致無法隨著居民的使用需求加以變化，只能閑置或者挪作他用。 Improper handling internal space. Some residential commercial building space processing relatively arbitrary, plane constraint, do not meet the requirements of the use of commercial buildings are expounded. People often see some commercial residential building because of the space structure is not flexible in can change it with the use of residents demand the, idle or used for any other purposes. 　　外觀設計失敗。我國居住區(qū)呈現越來越豐富的形態(tài)，大多居住區(qū)商業(yè)建筑卻缺乏特色，呈雷同化趨勢，有些則是為了達到吸引眼球和銷售的目的，外觀形象極盡花哨，忽視其基本使用功能，且與居住區(qū)形象格格不入。 Design failure. Increasingly rich pattern in the residential, residential commercial buildings are mostly lack of features, show the same tendency, others are in order to achieve the purpose of attracting eyeballs and sales, extremely use up fancy appearance image, ignore the basic use function, image and residential areas. 　　外部環(huán)境設計單調。一些居住區(qū)商業(yè)建筑的外環(huán)境設計極為單調或者根本沒有外環(huán)境設計。商業(yè)建筑與居住區(qū)乃至整個城市的環(huán)境連接生硬，既不利于居民的使用，也不利于商業(yè)氛圍的營造。 The external environment design is monotonous. Some of the external environment design of residential commercial buildings is very boring or no external environment design. Commercial building and residential area and the whole environment of the city link stiff, is not conducive to the use of residents, but also not conducive to the construction of commercial atmosphere. 居住區(qū)商業(yè)建筑設計理念分析 Residential commercial building design concept analysis 　　 　　居住區(qū)商業(yè)建筑與城市建設發(fā)展和居民生活密切相關，它的合理布置和設置將影響居民生活和城市環(huán)境。本文針對目前我國居住區(qū)商業(yè)建筑的現狀，認為其設計應遵循以下理念： Residential commercial architecture and urban construction development and residents is closely related to its reasonable layout and Settings will affect residents and urban environment. View of the present status of the residential area of commercial buildings in China, this paper thinks that the design should follow the following ideas: 　　以人為本。居住區(qū)商業(yè)建筑及其環(huán)境的創(chuàng)造，“以人為本”應該是其設計構思的出發(fā)點，也是最終檢驗商業(yè)環(huán)境優(yōu)劣的標準。居住區(qū)商業(yè)建筑設計并非消極被動地應付居民需求，而是要積極主動地去發(fā)現更多的可能性需求，使用者可以從設計者提供的可能性需求中去滿足他們的真正需求。 The people-oriented. The creation of residential commercial building and its environment, "people-oriented" should be the starting point of its designing idea, and final inspection of staff's business environment. Residential design commercial buildings is not passive to meet residents' demand, but to actively to find the possibility of more demand, the user can from the designer to provide the possibility of demand to meet their real needs. 　　具有綜合性與專業(yè)性功能。按照方便生活、提高生活質量的要求，居住區(qū)商業(yè)網點的建設要大中小相結合，提高單個網點面積，發(fā)展超市和大型綜合商場，形成集購物、餐飲、娛樂、休閑為一體的購物中心。行業(yè)結構要吃、穿、用、玩相結合，綜合與專業(yè)相結合，尤其要開拓一些新興的服務性行業(yè)。 With comprehensive and professional capabilities. According to the requirements of the convenient life, improve the quality of life, the construction of the residential area of commercial outlets to medium, to improve the single dot, it development and large comprehensive supermarket stores, integrating shopping, catering, entertainment, leisure as one of the shopping center. Industry structure to eat, wear, use, play, the combination of comprehensive and professional combination, especially to develop some emerging service industry. 　　注重商業(yè)區(qū)的空間秩序。在中國傳統(tǒng)空間意識中，采取有層次、有發(fā)展的手法把人們從開頭引導到末尾，在高潮中實現富于戲劇的結束，具有強烈的空間秩序。在以通行為主的線狀商店街面上都有一定的節(jié)奏感，使街道具有整體統(tǒng)一性。而招牌、幌子、匾額更是我國傳統(tǒng)商業(yè)經營上的一大特點，從某種意義上講居住區(qū)內的商業(yè)建筑由于程式化程度高，它沒有櫥窗陳列，各個單位雖然所賣的物品不同，但從外部形象上卻很相似，為了區(qū)別，就全靠招牌、幌子這種廣告手段，直接點明其經營內容，并且具有裝飾功能。 Pay attention to the business district of the space order. In Chinese traditional space consciousness, taking level, the development of methods to conduct the people from the beginning to the end, at the end of climax to achieve full of drama, has strong spatial order. Give priority to in order to pass on line store street has certain rhythm, make the unity of the whole street. And signs, cover, plaques is a feature of the traditional business management in our country, and in some sense in the habitable zone of commercial buildings due to the highly stylized, it has no window display, although the sell each unit of the item is different, but from the external image is very similar, in order to identify, on signs, cover all the advertising, direct illuminate its content, and have the function of decoration. 　　合理的商業(yè)網點布局模式。本文認為住宅區(qū)的商業(yè)網點布局模式以組團單體建筑為宜。根據規(guī)劃服務半徑和服務人口確定建筑總量，地理位置可安排在居住區(qū)的主要出入口或整個住宅區(qū)的交通干道旁。在建筑樣式上既要富于變化，又要有機聯系，以形成優(yōu)美的建筑景觀。 Sound business network layout model. This paper holds that the commercial network layout mode of residential district with delegation monomer construction advisable. According to the planning service radius and total population to determine construction, location can be arranged in a residential area of the main entrances and exits of or the entire residential area traffic the minuses. Both to abound and changes in the architectural style, and organic connection, to form a beautiful landscape architecture. 　　 　　結論 conclusion 　　 　　西方發(fā)達國家的商業(yè)發(fā)展遠遠領先于我國，他們在商業(yè)建筑設計中注重人性化設計的經驗值得我們借鑒；而我國傳統(tǒng)商業(yè)街的集中式商業(yè)布局設計具有濃厚的人文氣息，商業(yè)建筑設計應該遵循商業(yè)的本質規(guī)律，即對商業(yè)利益的追逐。商業(yè)建筑設計中的人性化傾向，與之并不矛盾。因為只有吸引來更多的消費者，滿足他們多元化的需要，才能獲得更大的商業(yè)效益。成功的商業(yè)建筑項目應是一個具有鮮明文化內涵的建筑物，也是對一個地區(qū)、一個時期文化藝術的濃縮，對延續(xù)歷史文脈、彰顯時代風貌、傳播物質文明和精神文明起到積極作用。 Commercial development of the western developed countries far ahead of our country, they pay attention to humanized design in the commercial architecture design experience is worth our using for reference; And China's traditional commercial street centralized business layout design has a strong cultural atmosphere, commercial architecture design should follow the rules of the nature of the business, the pursuit of commercial interests. The humanized tendency of commercial building design, does not conflict with them. Because only attract more consumers and meet their diverse needs, to achieve greater business benefits. Successful commercial construction projects should be a building with its unique cultural connotation, is also a time for a region, culture and art of enrichment, the continuation of historical context, time, material civilization and spiritual civilization plays a positive role.