探析小型農(nóng)村水利建設(shè)的新思路

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摘 要：近年來(lái)，各地小型農(nóng)村水利改革蓬勃發(fā)展，創(chuàng)造了許多新的經(jīng)驗(yàn)，取得了一定成效。如何推動(dòng)改革深入健康進(jìn)行，使農(nóng)村水利建設(shè)與管理的政策逐步完善，走上正規(guī)化、法制化軌道，需要對(duì)改革思路和深層次政策問(wèn)題進(jìn)行認(rèn)真研究。作者在這里談幾點(diǎn)看法，供參考。 Pick to: in recent years, around the small rural water conservancy reform of booming development, created many new experiences, and achieved some results. How to promote the further health reform, the policy gradually improve rural water conservancy construction and management, normalization and legalization orbit, in-depth reform train of thought and policy issues have to be careful study. The author talk about some views, here for your reference. 　　關(guān)鍵詞：小型農(nóng)村水利；改革；思路 Key words: small rural water conservancy; Reform; Train of thought 　　　一、小型農(nóng)村水利的特點(diǎn)與性質(zhì) A, the characteristics and nature of small rural water conservancy 　　?。ㄒ唬┬⌒娃r(nóng)村水利的特點(diǎn) (a) the characteristics of small rural water conservancy 　　通常把灌溉面積１萬(wàn)畝、除澇面積３萬(wàn)畝、渠道流量１立方米每秒以下的工程界定為小型農(nóng)村水利工程。小型農(nóng)村水利工程種類(lèi)和功能很多，大體可歸納為以下幾類(lèi)：小水庫(kù)、塘壩、水池等蓄水設(shè)施，小型攔河閘壩、引水閘、截潛流等引水設(shè)施，渠道、管道、閘門(mén)等輸水配水設(shè)施，渡槽、隧洞、倒虹吸、橋、涵等交叉建筑物，泵站、機(jī)井等提水設(shè)施，灌水溝、畦、噴灌、滴灌、閘管、“小白龍”等田間灌水設(shè)施，保護(hù)村鎮(zhèn)、農(nóng)田的小型圩堤、河道堤防等防洪設(shè)施，排水閘、排澇泵站、排水溝、地下暗管等排澇降漬設(shè)施，鄉(xiāng)村自來(lái)水廠、水窖等生活供水設(shè)施。據(jù)不完全統(tǒng)計(jì)，全國(guó)約有２０００萬(wàn)處小型農(nóng)村水利工程。 Usually the irrigation area of 10000 mu, and waterlogged area of 30000 mu, channel flow under 1 cubic meters per second as small rural water conservancy project engineering. Small species of rural water conservancy projects and many functions, can be roughly divided into the following categories: small reservoir and shuitangba, pools, such as water storage facilities, small DAMS and sluice gate structure, water diversion sluice, cut the undercurrent water diversion facilities, such as channels, pipe, valve and other water water distribution facilities, aqueduct, tunnel, inverted siphon, bridge, culvert, such as cross structures, pump stations, water facilities such as the shaft, irrigation ditch, strip, sprinkler irrigation, drip irrigation, brake pipe, such as "little white dragon" field irrigation facilities, small towns, farmland protection WeiDi dikes, river flood control facilities, such as outlet, drainage pumping stations, drainage and underground drainage tubes drainage JiangZi facilities, rural waterworks, water cellar life water supply facilities, etc. According to incomplete statistics, there are about 20 million small rural water conservancy projects in the country. 　　小型農(nóng)村水利的特點(diǎn)：一是地位作用重要，需要高度重視。二是群眾性強(qiáng)，需要廣大農(nóng)民參與。三是公益性較強(qiáng)，需要政府扶持。四是具有壟斷性，需要政府加強(qiáng)宏觀管理。農(nóng)村水利設(shè)施多地處農(nóng)田荒野，無(wú)人值守；風(fēng)吹日曬雨淋，易老化損壞；土方工程多，維護(hù)工作量大。除生活供水工程外，多數(shù)工程季節(jié)性使用。農(nóng)村水利的建設(shè)與管理需要在政府的規(guī)劃與計(jì)劃指導(dǎo)下有序進(jìn)行。