小水庫灌區(qū)節(jié)水節(jié)能的改造分析

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 小水庫灌區(qū)節(jié)水節(jié)能的改造分析

摘　要：就小水庫灌區(qū)節(jié)水節(jié)能的改造中的一系列問題進行分析，力爭將節(jié)水節(jié)能的改造做到最好。 Abstract: analysis of a series of problems of water-saving and energy-saving small reservoir in the irrigation area, and strive to do the best water-saving energy-saving transformation. 關(guān)鍵詞：節(jié)水節(jié)能； 設(shè)計改造； 思路分析  Keywords: energy saving; design; analysis method 現(xiàn)在的小水庫的作用是非同小可，對我國的農(nóng)業(yè)社會做出了很大的貢獻，但是，放眼望去，我國的節(jié)約型社會所提倡的節(jié)約，并沒有在小水庫的灌區(qū)中體現(xiàn)出來，我國小水庫灌區(qū)還是存在很大的問題的。 Small reservoir present role is to be no trivial matter., made a great contribution to our country agricultural society, but, looking ahead, the promotion of conservation-minded society of our country economy, is not reflected in the irrigation area of small reservoirs, small reservoirs in China irrigation or there is a big problem. 1　小水庫灌區(qū)遇到的問題 1 small reservoir irrigation problems 現(xiàn)在我國的小水庫的灌區(qū)，有大部分已經(jīng)是很大的一片灌區(qū)了，那里是我國農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)品的主要出產(chǎn)地，是農(nóng)村經(jīng)濟的支撐，也是農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展的重要保證。 Now our country Small Reservoir Irrigation District, most is a large piece of irrigation area, there are mainly produced in China's agricultural products, the rural economy is the support, but also an important guarantee for agricultural development. 小水庫對農(nóng)作物的生長不僅能夠提供者充足的水源，而且還可以提供天然的水利能源。但是由于長時間以來，對小水庫的管理不當，政策的不對還有投入的不足，以及在過去一段時間內(nèi)經(jīng)濟體制的影響，我國的小水庫出現(xiàn)了很大的問題，比如：1）我國的小水庫管理不當，管理人員的待遇和素質(zhì)都有待提高，對于小水庫的運行很不靈活。2）水庫的很多設(shè)備都不全面，在后期也缺乏維修和更新，很多設(shè)備都已經(jīng)退化、失修，水庫在灌溉區(qū)的作用沒有體現(xiàn)。3）對水費的設(shè)置不當，造成水費的收入低于實際對水庫的投入。4）對于在灌溉區(qū)的水資源的浪費，不僅是水量的浪費，對水能資源也沒有做到節(jié)約。 Growth of small reservoir on the crops can not only provider adequate water, but also can provide natural water energy. But because of a long time, not to the small reservoir management, policy and the lack of investment in the wrong, and over time with economic system, there's a big problem, small reservoirs in China such as: 1 ) improper small reservoirs in China management, management of treatment and quality needs to be improved, for small reservoir operation is not flexible. 2 ) a lot of equipment reservoir are not comprehensive, in the later also lack of repair and renewal, many devices are already degraded, disrepair, the function of reservoir in the irrigation district is not reflected. 3 ) on water set incorrectly, causing water fee income lower than the actual investment of reservoir. 4 ) for the irrigation area water resources waste, is not only a waste of water, nor on the hydropower resources to save. 以上的這些問題對灌溉區(qū)都造成了很大的影響，沒有做到可持續(xù)發(fā)展，影響灌溉區(qū)農(nóng)作物的生長和農(nóng)村經(jīng)濟的發(fā)展，也沒有達到社會主義新農(nóng)村和節(jié)約型社會的要求。 These problems of irrigation district have had a great impact, not to achieve sustainable development, affecting the development of rural economic growth and irrigation area crops, also did not meet the socialist new countryside and the requirements of a conservation-minded society. 2　小水庫灌區(qū)節(jié)水節(jié)能的改造措施 Reform measures of water-saving and energy-saving 2 small reservoir irrigation area 2.1　設(shè)計思路　1）在進行小水庫灌區(qū)節(jié)水節(jié)能的改造之前，首先就是要明確灌區(qū)中遇到的各種問題。比如在光驅(qū)中有的主要的渠道不通水，灌區(qū)的范圍縮小，水位下降，灌溉的面積也減少了，另外還有如果在一開始進行設(shè)計的時候?qū)η赖囊髽藴实?，很多渠道都沒有挖掘完全，還有很多建筑物老化、退化嚴重等等。明確了這些問題之后，才能對整個設(shè)計進行構(gòu)思。2）要提高水庫的輸水能力，讓整個灌溉區(qū)域的面積最大化，從而確定灌區(qū)的建設(shè)是以提高輸水的能力，節(jié)約水能和水資源為主，除險加固為輔設(shè)計一個合理的思路。3）要注意到小水庫所具有的水能，一定要滿足管道對水的輸出和對農(nóng)作物節(jié)水措施所需要的水壓，不能讓水庫的水能白白的浪費在一些無關(guān)緊要的環(huán)節(jié)上。 2.1 design 1 ) before the transformation of water-saving and energy-saving small reservoir irrigation, first is to meet the various problems in irrigation district. For example, in the drive of some main channel is not water, irrigation range is narrow, the water level dropped, the irrigation area is reduced, and if at the beginning of design time requirements of channels of low standards, many channels are not mining completely, there are a lot of buildings, and the aging degradation. After defining the conception of these problems, to the whole design. 2 ) to improve the reservoir capacity, to maximize the whole irrigation area, so as to determine the irrigation construction is to increase the water capacity, water conservation and water resources, supplemented by designing a reasonable idea of reinforcement. 3 ) pay attention to the small reservoir with water, must meet the output pipeline of water and water needed by crops water-saving measures, can not let the reservoir water waste in some be of no great importance link. 2.2　設(shè)計方案　1）對水渠兩旁的坡進行加固防滲的二面光建設(shè)，尤其是對于那些容易崩塌和淤塞的段落還有原來工程施工沒能達到要求的段落，還有高邊坡的環(huán)山渠段的整理加固等等，用這些措施來提高水庫的輸水能力。2）對整個水渠的建筑物進行重新維修和更新，搭理提高整個渠道的調(diào)水控水的能力，并且同時能夠消除水道的安全隱患，結(jié)合整個灌溉區(qū)的實際情況，為整個所轄范圍設(shè)備適合的硬件設(shè)施，用全新的材料做好后期的防滲工作。3）為水庫提供的水進行計量收費，水費征收按照改革之后的實際情況去制定，并且要用較高的標準來對調(diào)水和控水的設(shè)備進行要求。4）要時刻對灌溉區(qū)進行調(diào)查，在灌溉區(qū)的面積逐漸恢復的時候，適時的對附近的工業(yè)和人口用水進行調(diào)查，按需分配，解決供給水的矛盾，就成為了灌溉區(qū)節(jié)水的主要刺激力。5）在整個方案進行的后期，除了對附近水需求的調(diào)查外，也要對整個渠道的防水工作做到嚴格把關(guān)，力爭做到高標準，新技術(shù)和新材料。 2.2 design 1 ) on the channels on both sides of the slope reinforcement and seepage two light construction, especially for those who are easy to collapse and blockage of the paragraph and the original construction can not meet the requirements of paragraphs, and reinforcement on canal slope consolidation and so on, these measures to improve reservoir water capacity. 2 ) for the whole canal buildings to repair and renewal, to improve the ability of water channel and water control, and also can eliminate the hidden danger of waterways, combined with the actual situation of the whole irrigation area, for the entire scope of equipment suitable for hardware facilities, with new materials do impervious work late. 3 ) for metering and charging for reservoirs provide water, water charges levied in accordance with the actual situation after the reform to develop requirements for equipment, and with higher standards to water diversion and water control. 4 ) always carries on the investigation to the irrigation area, when the irrigation area gradually restored, timely to the nearby industrial and population water investigation, distribution according to needs, solve the contradiction of supply water, will become the main force to stimulate water-saving irrigation area. 5 ) late in the project, in addition to survey on nearby water demand, but also to the entire channel waterproof work strictly, and strive to achieve high standards, new technology and new materials. 3　對小水庫灌區(qū)節(jié)水節(jié)能的改造的建議 Transformation of 3 pairs of small reservoir irrigation district water-saving and energy-saving advice 1）資金的不到位對小穗去灌區(qū)的節(jié)水節(jié)能的改造具有嚴重的影響，而恰恰很多小水庫都處于比較偏僻的小縣城和小鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)，所以在資金的問題上，灌區(qū)的省市級要大力支持，按照市場經(jīng)濟的要求，積極參加到對水庫灌區(qū)的節(jié)水節(jié)能的改造工程上來，對小水庫灌區(qū)要提供資金幫助，大力支持。2）說到灌溉工程，那是一個艱巨又龐大的工程，對于整個工程的總設(shè)計非常重要，但是對于后期的配套管理也不能忽視，二者要一視同仁，在整個工程的主干進行完之后，配套的管理應該轉(zhuǎn)向田間，對后期的管理要按照黨中央的要求和社會主義新農(nóng)村的概念，對整個安排做好設(shè)計，做好小水庫灌區(qū)的節(jié)水節(jié)能的改造任務。3）對整個灌區(qū)的人事和機構(gòu)進行改革是非常重要的。目前，我國的很多灌區(qū)都出現(xiàn)了或多或少的問題，但是隨著改革的不斷進行，設(shè)備也不斷地完善，很多的管理機構(gòu)和管理體制逐漸成形，管理人員基本到位，這就要重新安排人力資源，合理對待相關(guān)的費用，做到整個水庫的灌區(qū)管理到位，設(shè)備精良，后期的配備能夠正常運轉(zhuǎn)，這樣，才能形成一個良好的小水庫灌區(qū)，能夠按照市場發(fā)展的要求建立起一個具有精良的管理隊伍、先進的管理設(shè)備、還有重要的一點就是能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)大力的節(jié)水節(jié)能的效果。伴隨著這樣的管理腳步，我國的小水庫灌區(qū)能夠維持節(jié)水節(jié)能的效果，走向自我管理的道路。 1 ) has the serious influence transformation of water-saving and energy-saving funds are not in place of spikelet to irrigation, and just a lot of small reservoirs are in the in the remote small town and small towns, so on the issue of money, provincial and municipal district should vigorously support, in accordance with the requirements of the market economy, actively participate in the reconstruction project of water-saving the energy of the reservoir irrigation, for small reservoir irrigation district to provide funds to help, support. 2 ) when it comes to irrigation works, it is a very difficult and large project, the whole design is very important, but for supporting the management of late can not be ignored, the two must make no exception, after the end of the entire project trunk, supporting management should turn to the field, the management should be in accordance with the concept of the party the requirements of the central government and the new socialist rural areas, do a good job to design the arrangement, transformation tasks do water-saving energy-saving small reservoir irrigation area. 3 ) on the whole irrigation area of personnel and organization reform is very important. At present, a lot of irrigation areas in China. There are more or less, but with the reform continuously, equipment is also constantly improve, a lot of management mechanism and management system gradually forming, management staff in place, it will rearrange the human resources, reasonable treatment related expenses, be in place, the entire reservoir irrigation area management well-equipped, later equipped to normal operation, so, can form a small reservoir well irrigation area, according to the needs of the development of the market to establish a good management team, advanced management equipment, there is an important point is to achieve the effect of saving water and energy to. With such management steps, small reservoirs in China can maintain the irrigation water-saving and energy-saving effect, to the self management of the road.z