探析電氣工程訓(xùn)練與電工電子的技術(shù)應(yīng)用

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【摘要】分析我院在電氣工程訓(xùn)練實(shí)踐教學(xué)中存在的不足,提出一項(xiàng)教學(xué)改進(jìn)措施,即對(duì)原有的實(shí)踐教學(xué)內(nèi)容進(jìn)行提煉和整合,增加有關(guān)電子產(chǎn)品制作方面的內(nèi)容,加強(qiáng)電工電子技術(shù)在訓(xùn)練中的應(yīng)用,推進(jìn)實(shí)踐教學(xué)和現(xiàn)代生產(chǎn)實(shí)踐的緊密結(jié)合。

【 abstract 】 analyzed shortcomings in the course of training in electrical engineering practice teaching, a teaching improvement measures are put forward, namely the original refining and integrating practice teaching content, increase the contents of the electronic products production, strengthen the electrical and electronic technology in the application of training, to promote the practice teaching and modern combined closely with the production practice. 　　【關(guān)鍵詞】電工電子技術(shù) 實(shí)踐教學(xué) 生產(chǎn)實(shí)踐 【 key words 】 electrician electronic technology practice teaching practice 　　 　　1 引言 1 introduction 　　電氣工程訓(xùn)練是我院面向工科非電專業(yè)及大文科專業(yè)開設(shè)的一門公共實(shí)踐課程,學(xué)習(xí)的主要內(nèi)容就是安全用電常識(shí)和基本的電工電子技術(shù)知識(shí)及實(shí)踐操作技能。 Electrical engineering training for engineering course is our big non-electric professional and liberal arts majors to open a course in public practice, the main content of study is the safe common sense and basic knowledge of electrical and electronic technology and the practice operation skills. 　　 　　2 實(shí)踐教學(xué)的現(xiàn)狀和改進(jìn)措施 2 practice teaching present situation and the improvement measures 　　(1)實(shí)踐課程簡介 (1) practical courses introduction 　　根據(jù)專業(yè)的不同,電氣工程訓(xùn)練有兩個(gè)教學(xué)模式。對(duì)于工科非電專業(yè),開設(shè)電氣工程訓(xùn)練A,共40學(xué)時(shí);圍繞三相籠型異步電動(dòng)機(jī)的控制,訓(xùn)練工科學(xué)生一些簡單的電氣控制方法、控制手段,使之理解電氣控制方面的基本知識(shí)和操作技能,了解電氣控制在工程中的應(yīng)用。對(duì)于大文科專業(yè),開設(shè)電氣工程訓(xùn)練B,共40學(xué)時(shí);通過室內(nèi)照明電路的設(shè)計(jì)、安裝、調(diào)試與檢修實(shí)踐,讓學(xué)生懂得安全用電,學(xué)習(xí)常用電工工具和儀表的使用,掌握最基本的電工技能。 According to different specialty, the electrical engineering practice, there are two teaching mode. Electrical engineering training for engineering non-electric speciality, offering A, A total of 40 hours; Around three phase squirrel-cage asynchronous motor's control, training of engineering students some simple electric control method, control means, make the understanding of electrical control aspects of the basic knowledge and operation skills, understanding of electric control in the engineering application. Open electrical engineering training for liberal arts majors, B, a total of 40 hours; Through indoor lighting circuit design, installation, debugging and maintenance practice, let the students know the safety electricity, learning common electrician tools and instrument use, to master the basic skills of electrician. 　　(2)實(shí)踐教學(xué)存在的不足之處 (2) the shortcomings existing in the practice teaching 　　從近三年的教學(xué)實(shí)踐過程看,存在的不足之處有兩點(diǎn): From the course of nearly three years of teaching practice, there are two shortcomings existing in the: 　　第一,教學(xué)內(nèi)容不夠充實(shí),學(xué)生做起來前緊后松。為期一周的電工訓(xùn)練,前三天的實(shí)踐內(nèi)容是理論教學(xué)和基礎(chǔ)實(shí)踐;后兩天的內(nèi)容是創(chuàng)新設(shè)計(jì),占用時(shí)間偏長。 First, the teaching content is not enough full, students QianJinHouSong do. A week-long electrician training, the first three days of practice content is the theory teaching and practice; After two days is the content of the innovation design, longer holding time. 　　第二,教學(xué)實(shí)踐內(nèi)容和現(xiàn)代生產(chǎn)實(shí)踐結(jié)合度不夠,電工電子技術(shù)含量偏低。電氣工程訓(xùn)練A的實(shí)踐內(nèi)容是交流電動(dòng)機(jī)的交流接觸器控制線路;電氣工程訓(xùn)練B的實(shí)踐內(nèi)容是照明電路的安裝實(shí)踐,在電路中用的是電感式鎮(zhèn)流器。在科技發(fā)展日新月異的今天,這些電路已不是最常用的電路了。 Second, teaching content and the modern production practice is not spent, electrical and electronic technology content is low. Electrical engineering training is A practice content of the ac motor ac contactor control circuit; Electrical engineering practice training B content is lighting circuit installation practices, the circuit is used in the inductive ballast. In today's rapid development in science and technology, the circuit is not the most commonly used circuit. 　　(3)實(shí)踐教學(xué)改進(jìn)措施 (3) practical teaching improvement measures 　　針對(duì)在電氣工程訓(xùn)練中存在的現(xiàn)狀,對(duì)原有的實(shí)踐教學(xué)內(nèi)容進(jìn)行提煉和整合,在電氣工程訓(xùn)練中增加電子產(chǎn)品制作的內(nèi)容。對(duì)于非電專業(yè)的學(xué)生,可以選擇制作一些和已有的實(shí)踐項(xiàng)目相關(guān)且簡單實(shí)用的電氣產(chǎn)品。參加電氣工程訓(xùn)練A的學(xué)生,可以選作PLC控制器;參加電氣工程訓(xùn)練B的同學(xué),可以選作電子鎮(zhèn)流器。學(xué)生在電工實(shí)踐過程中,通過對(duì)電氣產(chǎn)品的研制、組裝和調(diào)試的親身體驗(yàn),了解電工電子技術(shù)的應(yīng)用,探知最前沿的科學(xué)技術(shù),推進(jìn)實(shí)踐教學(xué)和現(xiàn)代生產(chǎn)實(shí)踐的緊密結(jié)合。 According to current situation of existing in the training in electrical engineering, to refine the original content of practice teaching and the integration, in electrical engineering training to increase the content of the electronic products production. For non-electric majors, can choose to make some practice and existing projects and related electrical products of simple and practical. Electrical engineering training A student, can be chosen for the PLC controller; Students participating in the electrical engineering training B, can be chosen for electronic ballast. Students in electrical engineering practice, through to the electrical product development, assembly and debugging experience, understand the electrician electronic technology application, get to the forefront of science and technology, to promote the practice teaching and modern combined closely with the production practice. 　　 　　3 實(shí)踐教學(xué)改進(jìn)后的實(shí)施方案 Three practice teaching improvement after the implementation of the scheme 　　(1)實(shí)踐教學(xué)內(nèi)容 (1) the practice of teaching content 　　電氣工程訓(xùn)練實(shí)踐經(jīng)過改進(jìn)后的教學(xué)內(nèi)容可概括為四個(gè)教學(xué)環(huán)節(jié)、六大教學(xué)模塊。四個(gè)教學(xué)環(huán)節(jié)包括理論教學(xué)、基礎(chǔ)實(shí)踐、創(chuàng)新設(shè)計(jì)和產(chǎn)品制作;六大教學(xué)模塊包括元器件認(rèn)識(shí)、工具儀表使用、電路原理和電路設(shè)計(jì)、線路板制作、組裝和配線、調(diào)試和檢修。 After improvement, the electrical engineering training practice teaching contents can be summarized as four teaching link, the six big teaching modules. Four teaching includes theory teaching, practice, innovation, design and product production; Teaching module includes six components knowledge, tools, instruments used, circuit principle and circuit design, circuit board production, assembly and wiring, debugging and maintenance. 　　在教學(xué)實(shí)踐過程中,六大教學(xué)模塊的實(shí)施是滲透在四個(gè)教學(xué)環(huán)節(jié)中完成的。可以看出,和電氣工程訓(xùn)練B相比,電氣工程訓(xùn)練A的電工電子技術(shù)信息含量大、實(shí)踐操作難度高。 In the process of teaching practice, the implementation of the six big teaching modules is completed in four teaching steps. Training compared to B, as you can see, and electrical engineering electrical engineering training A electrician electronic technology information, high practical difficulty. 　　(2)教學(xué)實(shí)施方案 (2) the teaching implementation plan 　　教學(xué)內(nèi)容的難易程度以及時(shí)間安排不是一成不變的,在教學(xué)過程中需要把握三點(diǎn): To the difficulty of the teaching content and time arrangement is not static, in the teaching process to grasp the three points: 　　第一,理論與實(shí)踐相結(jié)合。理論教師在理論教學(xué)環(huán)節(jié)主要講解安全用電常識(shí)、元器件認(rèn)識(shí)與檢測、電氣原理圖識(shí)圖、實(shí)踐操作技能四方面知識(shí)。脫離實(shí)踐操作的理論知識(shí)不用講,和實(shí)踐操作聯(lián)系不大的理論知識(shí)要少講。通過理論教學(xué),學(xué)生可以運(yùn)用掌握的理論知識(shí)指導(dǎo)自己的電氣工程實(shí)踐,這才是理論教學(xué)的真正目的。 First, the combination of theory and practice. Teachers in theory teaching theory mainly explain the safe sense, components meet with testing, electrical schematic knowledge chart, practical skills in four aspects of knowledge. Not from the practice of theoretical knowledge, and practice operation has little theoretical knowledge should speak less. Through theory teaching, students can apply to master theoretical knowledge to guide their own electrical engineering practice, this is the real purpose of teaching theory. 　　第二,因材施教。專業(yè)不同,采用的教學(xué)方法和教學(xué)手段就不同,講授的教學(xué)內(nèi)容也不同;專業(yè)相同基礎(chǔ)不同,教學(xué)內(nèi)容的側(cè)重點(diǎn)就不同,對(duì)三表學(xué)生要突出應(yīng)用能力和實(shí)踐技能的[培養(yǎng),對(duì)素質(zhì)高、學(xué)習(xí)能力強(qiáng)的學(xué)生要進(jìn)行精英培養(yǎng) Second, according to their aptitude. Professional different, the use of teaching methods and teaching means are different, the teaching of the teaching content is different; Same major basis is different, the emphasis of the teaching content is different, to table 3 student outstanding application ability and practical skills of [training, for students with high quality and strong ability to learn to elite culture 第三,課內(nèi)教學(xué)與課外活動(dòng)相結(jié)合。對(duì)于參加電氣工程訓(xùn)練興趣高、產(chǎn)品制作有獨(dú)到見解的學(xué)生,教師要積極引導(dǎo),把課內(nèi)教學(xué)內(nèi)容和學(xué)生課外科研活動(dòng)、素質(zhì)教育活動(dòng)有機(jī)結(jié)合起來,并給予必要的指導(dǎo)。 Third, the combination of in-class teaching with extracurricular activities. In electrical engineering for high interest in training, have particular understanding of the product to make the students, teachers should actively guide, the classroom teaching content and students' extracurricular scientific activities, quality education activities organically, and to give necessary guidance. 　　(3)激發(fā)學(xué)生興趣的方法 (3) stimulate students interest in methods 　　為了更好地完成教學(xué)任務(wù),實(shí)現(xiàn)預(yù)期的教學(xué)目標(biāo),要充分調(diào)動(dòng)學(xué)生參與實(shí)踐的主觀能動(dòng)性,激發(fā)學(xué)生的興趣和培養(yǎng)創(chuàng)新意識(shí)。 In order to better complete the teaching task and achieve the teaching goal, to fully mobilize the students to participate in the practice of subjective initiative, stimulate students' interest and cultivate the innovative consciousness. 　　第一,確定靈活、直觀的教學(xué)方法。在理論和實(shí)踐教學(xué)過程中,結(jié)合板書、多媒體課件及實(shí)物展示等教學(xué)手段,采用演示教學(xué)和漸進(jìn)式啟發(fā)教學(xué)相結(jié)合的教學(xué)方式,在激發(fā)學(xué)生興趣、培養(yǎng)自學(xué)和獨(dú)立思考能力等方面下功夫,使教學(xué)效果不斷提升。對(duì)于基礎(chǔ)實(shí)踐項(xiàng)目,主要以演示教學(xué)為主,通過演示教學(xué),學(xué)生把容易理解和接受的感性知識(shí)上升為可以指導(dǎo)自己實(shí)踐操作的理性知識(shí)。對(duì)于創(chuàng)新實(shí)踐項(xiàng)目,主要以漸進(jìn)式啟發(fā)教學(xué)為主。通過啟發(fā)教學(xué),開闊學(xué)生的思路,培養(yǎng)同學(xué)們獨(dú)立完成實(shí)踐項(xiàng)目的能力。 First, determine the flexible, intuitive teaching method. In theory and in practice teaching process, combined with blackboard writing, multimedia courseware and teaching means such as physical display, demonstration teaching and incremental inspired teaching with the combination of teaching methods, to stimulate students interest and cultivate self-study and independent thinking ability, etc, put forth effort, make the teaching effect. Basis for project practice, mainly teaching demonstration, through demonstration teaching, the students easy to understand and accept the perceptual knowledge rise to rational knowledge to guide their practice operation. For innovative practice project, mainly composed of gradual enlightenment teaching. Through heuristic teaching, widen the thinking of students, cultivate the students ability to practice project independently. 　　第二,采用不同的考核標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。在教學(xué)過程中,要根據(jù)不同專業(yè)、不同基礎(chǔ)的學(xué)生,調(diào)整實(shí)踐項(xiàng)目在量和質(zhì)上的要求,制定相應(yīng)的考核標(biāo)準(zhǔn),讓每個(gè)學(xué)生都能體驗(yàn)到完成實(shí)踐項(xiàng)目的成就感,激發(fā)學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)興趣。學(xué)生有了興趣,教學(xué)目的就容易達(dá)到了。 Second, adopt different evaluation criteria. In the teaching process, according to the different specialty, different students, adjust the practice project in terms of quantity and quality request, formulates the corresponding inspection standards, let every student can complete practical project experience a sense of achievement, stimulate students' interest in learning. Students have the interest, teaching purpose is easily achieved. 　　第三,實(shí)行多方位的獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)制度。在基礎(chǔ)實(shí)踐環(huán)節(jié),可以把一個(gè)班級(jí)分成幾組,組和組之間比賽,哪個(gè)組完成的又快又好,哪個(gè)組就有額外加分,并把名次寫在黑板上。這樣就能激發(fā)學(xué)生之間團(tuán)結(jié)合作、協(xié)同作戰(zhàn)的意識(shí)和動(dòng)力。在產(chǎn)品制作實(shí)踐環(huán)節(jié),可以把課內(nèi)教學(xué)和課外的素質(zhì)教育活動(dòng)相結(jié)合,給成績優(yōu)異者頒發(fā)獲獎(jiǎng)證書和獎(jiǎng)金,鼓勵(lì)學(xué)生參加科研活動(dòng)。 Third, implement multi-azimuth reward system. In basic practice, can a class into several groups, between group and group, which group completed quickly and well, which group has the extra points, and write the places on the blackboard. So that it can arouse the students' consciousness of unity and cooperation, cooperative engagement between and motivation. In production practice, can put the quality of classroom teaching and extracurricular education activities, to the top students receive award the certificate and bonus and encourage students to participate in research activities. 　　 　　4 結(jié)語 4 conclusion 　　在電氣工程訓(xùn)練的教學(xué)實(shí)踐中,我們本著與時(shí)俱進(jìn)、勇于創(chuàng)新的精神,不斷提煉和整合實(shí)踐教學(xué)內(nèi)容,著重培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的團(tuán)隊(duì)精神、工程實(shí)踐能力和創(chuàng)新意識(shí)。學(xué)生在實(shí)踐過程中,通過對(duì)電工電子線路和電氣產(chǎn)品的設(shè)計(jì)、組裝和調(diào)試的親身體驗(yàn),了解電工電子技術(shù)的應(yīng)用;探知最前沿的科學(xué)技術(shù),增強(qiáng)求知欲望,培養(yǎng)自我發(fā)展的能力。 In electrical engineering training teaching practice, we based on the spirit of advancing with The Times, innovation, constantly refining and integrating practice teaching content, focus on cultivating the students' team spirit, engineering practice ability and innovation consciousness. Students in the process of practice, through to the electrical and electronic circuits and electrical products design, assembly and debugging experience, knowledge of electrical and electronic technology application; Ascertain the forefront of science and technology, enhance the seeking knowledge desire, cultivate the ability to self development.