7個(gè)常見(jiàn)的時(shí)間管理錯(cuò)誤如何糾正

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What are some of the most common mistakes that people make when trying to improve their productivity and manage their time better?
當(dāng)人們嘗試改善生產(chǎn)率更好地管理時(shí)間時(shí)，最常見(jiàn)的錯(cuò)誤有哪些呢？
Here are some of the crucial mistakes I have made over and over again. I think many of them do not just apply to me. They are challenges I think many of us have faced at one time or other.
這里有一些我經(jīng)常一次又一次地犯下的重要錯(cuò)誤。我認(rèn)為其中的有一些其實(shí)并不適用于所有的人。但我覺(jué)得他們也是我們?cè)谀硞€(gè)時(shí)刻或是其他時(shí)候會(huì)面臨的挑戰(zhàn)。

1. Taking on too much.
1.承擔(dān)過(guò)多
You can increase your capabilities and capacity. But don’t overdo it. At some point you may be taking on too much. This can cause a lot of stress and decrease your effectiveness.
你可以提高你的能力，但是不要做得過(guò)火了。在某些時(shí)刻，也許你已經(jīng)承擔(dān)得過(guò)多了。這樣會(huì)導(dǎo)致壓力，并且會(huì)降低效率。
You can at least do tree things to help yourself if you feel you’re taking on too much:
如果你覺(jué)得自己承擔(dān)了太多任務(wù)，你至少能做些樹(shù)狀圖類(lèi)似的事情來(lái)幫助你：
Learn to say no. Set boundaries and limits. If you don’t there is also risk that people will keep hoisting more work your way since the they think you have the time and energy to spare.
學(xué)會(huì)說(shuō)“不”。設(shè)定邊界和限制。如果你不這么做的話，就要承擔(dān)人們不斷給你加工作的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，因?yàn)樗麄儠?huì)認(rèn)為你有多余的時(shí)間和能量去完成這些。
Ask for help. Just as learning to say no, this can be hard. But if you are buried in work it may be necessary.
尋求幫助。就像學(xué)會(huì)說(shuō)“不”一樣，這個(gè)也挺難的。但是如果你被埋在工作里，需求幫助就非常重要。
Declutter. Perhaps you don’t have to do all that work you are doing. Use the 80/20-rule and find out what your most important tasks are. Consider spending more time with them. And less or no time at all with some of those tasks that aren’t that important anyway. Just like when decluttering your closet, decluttering your to-do list can reward you with a surprisingly large amount of free space.
整理?；蛟S你不必做完手頭上的所有工作。運(yùn)用80/20原則，找出你最重要的工作是什么?？紤]多花些時(shí)間在這些事情上。而在那些不太重要的工作上就不要花那么過(guò)時(shí)間了。就像是當(dāng)你整理你的衣櫥一樣，也這樣整理你的任務(wù)清單，這樣能為你騰出意想不到的大塊空間。
2. Not thinking things through and planning before getting started.
2.在開(kāi)始前未將事情考慮通透而且計(jì)劃好
This can cost you a lot of time and energy. Take out a piece of paper – or create a fresh and clean document on your computer – and start thinking about how you will go about what you are about to do.
這樣做會(huì)耗費(fèi)你大量的時(shí)間和精力。拿出一張紙，或者在電腦生新建一個(gè)新文檔，開(kāi)始考慮你將要做什么，又要怎么做。
Do some research online or through books to educate yourself. Or ask someone who has been where you want to go.
在網(wǎng)上做些調(diào)查或者通過(guò)書(shū)自學(xué)。亦或是詢(xún)問(wèn)那些已經(jīng)在你想要探索的領(lǐng)域中有所為的人。
Try to find out where possible stumbling blocks may lie. Spending an hour planning or some time sending out emails/asking questions on the phone before getting started can save you countless hours and a lot frustration and problems down the road.
試著找出哪里可能出現(xiàn)絆腳石。在開(kāi)始工作之前，花一個(gè)小時(shí)計(jì)劃或者花一些時(shí)間發(fā)送電子郵件或者電話提問(wèn)，這樣可以為你節(jié)省無(wú)數(shù)時(shí)間和減少之后工作過(guò)程中的沮喪和問(wèn)題。
Things will probably not turn out exactly as you planned along the way, but some knowledge plus a plan is certainly better than nothing at all.
事情可能也不會(huì)確確實(shí)實(shí)地按照你計(jì)劃地進(jìn)行，但是一些知識(shí)再加上一個(gè)計(jì)劃，總是要比什么也沒(méi)有要好得多。
3. Overcomplicating your time management system.
3.過(guò)分復(fù)雜化時(shí)間管理系統(tǒng)
You may have a complicated time management system. If it works for you, then that’s great. If it doesn’t work, if you spend a lot time to keeping your system in order or slipping while trying to get things done then it might be time for a change.
你可能有一個(gè)復(fù)雜的時(shí)間管理系統(tǒng)。如果它對(duì)你有效，那當(dāng)然最好。如果不奏效，如果在完成工作的時(shí)候，你花了大量的時(shí)間維系或是進(jìn)行你的這套系統(tǒng)，這時(shí)候也許是時(shí)候做改變了。
Try decluttering and simplifying. Take it back to basics so you don’t have to spend half your time managing your system, trying to optimize it with more and more tools and feeling defeated when you can’t keep up. Simplify and you’ll save yourself a whole lot of energy, worries and mindclutter. And you’ll probably get more done in a more enjoyable way.
試著整理和簡(jiǎn)化事情。把工作歸為基礎(chǔ)層面，所以你就不必花一半的時(shí)間管理你的時(shí)間系統(tǒng)，試著用更多的工具優(yōu)化它，當(dāng)你不能夠保持的時(shí)候通常感覺(jué)到挫敗。簡(jiǎn)化一下，這樣能為你節(jié)省很多精力，也不再擔(dān)心和思緒混亂了。而且你可能還會(huì)以一種更愉快的方式完成這項(xiàng)工作。
One simple time management system is Zen to Done by Leo Babauta (also in e-bookform). Another is the one mentioned as Habit 7: Daily Six in this article by Scott H Young. Simple time management tips can also be found in Tim Ferriss excellent The 4-Hour Workweek.
一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的時(shí)間管理系統(tǒng)是Leo Babauta寫(xiě)的《簡(jiǎn)單做事》（也有電子版本）。另外一部是Scott H Young在《7個(gè)習(xí)慣》中第六天寫(xiě)的一篇文章。簡(jiǎn)單的時(shí)間管理意見(jiàn)也可以參考Tim Ferriss的作品《每周工作4小時(shí)》。
4. Being busy instead of effective.
4.忙忙碌碌而不是高效率
How you spend a normal day? What you do actually do with your hours? One good way to actually find that out is described in Where Is Your Time Really Going?
你怎么樣度過(guò)你的一天？你用每個(gè)小時(shí)都確實(shí)做了些什么？找到答案的一個(gè)最好方法是描述你的時(shí)間確切都花去了哪兒？
Keeping yourself busy with low-priority activities that won’t have much payoff can become a big problem. One way to keep yourself on track and your attention on what’s important is to ask yourself questions a few times a day. I ask myself: Is this useful? If I find that what I’m doing is not useful then I move on to something that is.
將自己投入到低優(yōu)先事項(xiàng)中忙碌而又得不到很多報(bào)償是個(gè)大問(wèn)題。一個(gè)保持自身工作處于正規(guī)而且將注意力集中在重要任務(wù)上的方法是每天多向自己發(fā)問(wèn)。我問(wèn)自己：這樣有用嗎？如果我發(fā)現(xiàn)我做的事情沒(méi)有用，之后我就會(huì)轉(zhuǎn)去做些有用的事情。
But how do you remember to actually ask yourself the question above? Write it down. Use it as a screensaver or write it down on a piece of paper and put it where you can’t avoid seeing it throughout your day.
但是如何記得向自己?jiǎn)柹鲜鲆粯拥膯?wèn)題呢？寫(xiě)下來(lái)咯。把它當(dāng)成屏幕保護(hù)或者寫(xiě)在一張紙上，然后放在你一天都可以看得到的地方。
Sometimes you still need to do boring stuff or low-priority tasks. When you do, try to bunch them. You can also bunch your more important tasks to keep your flow going and get a better performance and more done in less time.
有時(shí)候你仍需要做無(wú)聊的和低優(yōu)先的事情。當(dāng)你做的時(shí)候，試著將他們串聯(lián)在一起。你也同樣可以串聯(lián)一些重要的任務(wù)，保持你任務(wù)推動(dòng)的流暢，良好表現(xiàn)并且在較少的時(shí)間內(nèi)完成更多的事情。
5. Multitasking and getting less done with more stress.
5.多重任務(wù)處理且高壓低產(chǎn)出
I’m sure that multitasking works great for some people. For me it doesn’t. I just get less done, feel more stressed and I’m more prone to procrastinate.
我相信多重任務(wù)處理對(duì)一些人很有效，但是對(duì)我來(lái)說(shuō)真的不行。這樣只能讓我會(huì)完成很少的任務(wù)，感覺(jué)壓力更大，而且還會(huì)想拖延事情。
If you feel the same way give singletasking a try. Just focus on one task at the time. Do it until it’s completed. It will be hard at first. But over time, just like with any other skill, it becomes easier and you can complete tasks quicker.
如果你也是相同的感受，那么試試單一任務(wù)處理。就只是一個(gè)時(shí)間內(nèi)專(zhuān)注于一個(gè)任務(wù)。一直做直到完成。起初這樣會(huì)挺難的，但是過(guò)段時(shí)間，就像其他技能一樣，它變得簡(jiǎn)單多了，你也能夠快速地完成任務(wù)。
One thing I’ve found to be quite helpful while singletasking is to work in a cone of silence. What this means is that you create a zone where there are few things to distract you. Or tempt you to veer off course and procrastinate. So I, for instance, clean my workspace and desktop. I shut the door and shut down and unplug what is not needed. That may include various phones and the internet cable.
我發(fā)現(xiàn)在單一任務(wù)處理中有一件聽(tīng)有用的事情就是在一個(gè)安靜的地方工作。意思就是你創(chuàng)造一個(gè)有較少事情會(huì)讓你分心的區(qū)域，或是不會(huì)讓你偏題和拖延。所以，以我自己為例，把工作場(chǎng)所和書(shū)桌收拾干凈。我又關(guān)上了門(mén)，拔下了不需要的插頭，包括電話和網(wǎng)絡(luò)。
Then I work in silence and tranquillity.
然后我開(kāi)始安靜地工作了。
You may not be able to remove that many possible distractions when and where you work. But try your own variation and see if it improves your focus and clarity of thought. You can read more about the cone of silence in this article.
也不太可能將許多干擾從你工作的時(shí)候和地點(diǎn)中移除。但是你自己試試去改變，看看是不是可以改善你的注意力并且讓思維清晰。你可以在本文中讀到更多關(guān)于靜區(qū)的信息。
6. Not writing everything down.
6.不把每件事寫(xiě)下來(lái)
If your memory is anything like mine it’s like a leaking bucket. And there are many great reasons to write everything down.
如果你的記憶和我的一樣，那么就像一個(gè)漏桶。所以把事情寫(xiě)下來(lái)有很多重要的原因嘍。
You’ll have your ideas safely saved away instead of having them lost somewhere in the depths of your mind. If you don’t write things down you’ll forget many good and some great ideas.
你可以挽救你的主意而非把它們?cè)谀闼季w的最深處搞丟。如果你不把事情寫(xiě)下來(lái)的話，你會(huì)忘記許多很好很偉大的想法的。
You’ll free up your mind to analyse and create based on your ideas instead of occupying it with trying to remember everything. You’ll feel more relaxed and be able to think about your ideas and what you have to do with more clarity.
你可以將思維空出來(lái)進(jìn)行基于想法的分析和創(chuàng)造，而不是占用思維回憶事情。你這樣就會(huì)很輕松而且更清晰地考慮想法和將要去做的事情。
As described in mistake # 4, you can use paper or a screensaver as an effective reminder to keep yourself on track and away from just being busy.
For more reasons to write things down have a look at Why You Should Write Things Down.
正如第四條里提到的錯(cuò)誤一樣，你可以用紙或者屏保程序作為提示，保持自己在工作的正軌上，遠(yuǎn)離忙忙碌碌。
7. Not taking breaks.
7.不休息
You can’t keep working non-stop. Well, you can. But if you do that there’s a good chance your effectiveness will drop. And at the end of the day you will have kept yourself busy for most of the day doing low-priority tasks instead of working on and completing the most important ones.
你不能一直不停地工作。當(dāng)然了，你也可以，但是如果你果真這么做了，代價(jià)就是效率的下降。在一天結(jié)束的時(shí)候，你會(huì)讓自己為低優(yōu)先的事情忙碌著，而不是進(jìn)行和完成最重要的那部分。
If you’re tired and feeling down that may just mean that you need to take a break. Taking a few minutes to eat something, to go for a quick walk a get some fresh air or just to relax can make a big difference. Rewarding yourself with an icecream or some funny YouTube clips or doing a bit of meditation – I prefer the guided kind – are also good ways to lift yourself up again.
如果你累了或者是覺(jué)得狀態(tài)下降了，可能就是到了你需要休息的時(shí)候了。用幾分鐘吃點(diǎn)東西，周?chē)咦?，呼吸些新鮮空氣或單單是放松都會(huì)很不一樣。給自己獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)已被冰激凌或是看一段Youtube上的搞笑視頻亦或是沉思—我更喜歡有指導(dǎo)的那一種放松–這些都是能讓我們重新振奮的好方法。
How and when to take breaks is something everyone have to experiment with for themselves to find a good balance and a feel for when you a breather.
如何還有何時(shí)進(jìn)行休息是需要你們自己實(shí)驗(yàn)來(lái)找到那個(gè)保持平衡和感覺(jué)的。
Some factors that play important parts in how much work you can get done and when you need a break are your motivation and your ability to focus. But more basic stuff like how much sleep you are getting, what and how much you’re eating and the shape you’re in can make a dramatic difference.
一些因素在你能完成多少工作和何時(shí)你需要休息一下的問(wèn)題上影響非常大，那便是你的積極性和專(zhuān)注度。但是最最基本的事情，比如，睡眠時(shí)間，進(jìn)食數(shù)量還有體型都會(huì)對(duì)這些有著很大的不同。

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